Pace Leisurewear Ltd Case Study

Pace Leisurewear Ltd Case Study An integrated approach with effective administration, adequate financing and capable human resource may lead a business organisation towards the path of goal attainment. Disintegration among these elements may lead towards its own demise sooner or later. Pace Leisurewear Ltd is a company that designs and manufactures the casual and leisure clothes aimed particularly at the younger, higher-income market. It was established by Jill Dempsey and Mike Greaves, who are the Managing Director and Production Manager of the company respectively. By observing the case study of this company, we know that the company is in trouble because the letter from the companys bank was asking it for the reduction in the overdraft. This letter from the bank has made them worried because if they cant keep up the overdraft, they will not be able to fulfil the big order by Arena, which was one of the several national chains of casual and sportswear stores that was placing substantial orders with Pace. It shows that they were facing liquidity problem. A general outlook of the case study putting aside the financial statements provides us with some other difficulties that the company was facing. Trading of the company during the recession period was a problem. Moreover, recession itself was a problem for the company. Though it was a big company, the production director Mike was looking after the financial matters. There was no one within the company who had any great financial expertise. When there was a problem, the companys auditors were normally asked for advice. The company is facing poor cash situation as conveyed by Mike Greaves which might be result of their spending on fixed assets like plant. Declaration of no further investment in the company by the largest shareholder Keeble States also came as a shock to the company when there was a hope that Keeble States would invest money and they would be able to issue overdraft. Also, an indifference of the largest shareholder in the affair of the company can be regarded as a problem. Such indifference directly affects the operation of company that ultimately, has the effect on financial situation of the company. Breaching of the overdraft limit over the past few years by the company functioned as a proof of their dishonesty. Also, we can identify that the company was running along with the conflict between the largest shareholder Keeble brothers and the other board members. The other board members were bringing forth the idea of introducing another major shareholder, which was against the wish of Keeble brothers. So, the company was facing the problem in decision making. A quick look upon the balance sheet of the company, gives us the information that there is a massive increment in the non-current assets. Though investment in the non-current assets is good for the company in the long run, it may cause problem to the company in its day to day operation. It may create an inadequacy of working capital which is necessary for daily activities. The amount of trade receivables has increased which indicates that the goods are being sold on credit. Calculation and Interpretation of Financial Ratios The income statement and balance sheet are the traditional basic financial statements of a business enterprise. They do not give all the information related to the financial operations of a firm. Still, they provide some extremely useful information to the extent that balance sheet mirrors the financial position on a particular date in terms of structures of assets, liabilities and owners equity and others and profit and loss account shows the results operations during a certain period of time in terms of revenues obtained and the cost incurred during the year. In depth analysis of financial statements is supported with ratio-analysis. It is the most widely used technique of financial statement analysis. Ratio analysis is a systematic use of ratio to interpret the financial statements so that the strengths and weaknesses of a firm as well as its historical performance and current financial condition can be determined. Ratios are relative figures reflecting the relationship between variables. A single figure by itself has no meaning but when expressed in terms of related figure, it yields significant inferences. Ratios can be divided into profitability ratio, liquidity ratio and activity ratio. To analyse the financial statement and condition of the Pace Leisurewear Ltd, the method of ratio analysis is used as a major tool. Here, return on capital employed, return on equity (shareholders fund), gross profit margin, net profit margin, inventory holding period, average collection period for trade receivables, sales to capital employed ratio, current ratio, quick assets (liquid or acid test) ratio and gearing ratio are used as major tools for the interpretation of business condition and financial statements, though there are other tools for the interpretation. Calculation and interpretation of these ratios provide us with the information about liquidity, profitability and efficiency of the company. The calculation and interpretation of the ratios can be shown as below: Calculation S.N. Description Formulas Year before last Last Year a) Return on Capital Employed =20.05% =29.60% b) Return on Equity =18.15% =32.51% c) Gross Profit Margin =46.48% =48.16% d) Net Profit Margin =14.99% =20.61% e) Inventory Holding Period =117.74 days =182.84 days f) Average Collection Period =42.10 days =60.98% g) Sales to Capital Employed =1.34 times =1.44 times h) Current Ratio =1.76 times =1.13 times i) Acid Test Ratio =.78 times =0.47 times j) Gearing Ratio =34.40% =42.30% Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) ROCE ratio tells us how much profit we earn from the investment the shareholders have made in their company. If the company has low ROCE ratio, it is using its resources inefficiently, even if its profit margin is high. The higher the ratio the more efficient is the use of capital employed. In context of the Pace Leisurewear Ltd, ROCE ratio was increased in the last year than the year before last. From the calculation, we got, it was 30% in the last year whereas it was 20% in the year before last. So, we can say that the company had better performance in the last year than the year before last. Return on Equity This ratio indicates the profitability to the shareholders of the firm with deduction of all expenses and taxes. In context of this company, the return on equity ratio was increased which is good for the company. It was 32.5% in the last year and 18% in the year before last. Gross Profit Margin It indicates the efficiency of operations and firms pricing policies. The larger the gross profit margin, the better for the company. It looks at how well a company controls the cost of its inventory and manufacturing of its products and subsequently pass on the cost to its customers. From the calculation we found that the gross profit margin ratio was increased. It was 46.16% in the year before last and 48.16% in the last year which is good for the company. Net Profit Margin This ratio measures the relationship between net profit and sales of a firm. A high net profit margin in ratio is an indicative of adequate return to the owners as well as enables a firm to withstand adverse economic conditions. A low net profit margin ratio has the opposite implications. From the calculation, we found that the net profit margin ratio was increased. It was 8.91% in the year before last and 13.10% in the last year. It shows that the company was selling well which is good for the company. Inventory Holding Period A high number of days inventory indicates that there is lack of demand for the product being sold whereas a low days inventory holding period may indicate that the company is not keeping enough stock on hand to meet the demands. It is known from the above calculation that the inventory holding period for the company in the year before last was 63 days and for the last year it was 95 days. So, this extension in the inventory holding period is a problem for the company which obstructs the path of cash generating. Average Collection Period of Trade Receivables This ratio indicates the speed with which debtors/accounts receivables are being collected. A short, collection period implies prompt payment by the debtors. It reduces the chance of bad debts. Similarly, a longer collection period implies too liberal and inefficient credit collection performance. From the calculation, we found that, the collection period for the debtors/accounts receivables for the year before last was 42 days whereas for the last year it was 61 days. So, it indicates that the company was inefficient in its credit collection performance. This delay in the collection of receivables, may have adverse effect in the liquidity position and also there lies possibility of accounts receivables being bad debts. Sales to Capital Employed Ratio It is the ratio which indicates the relationship between the capital employed and sales revenue. The higher the ratio the higher is the revenue, the lower the ratio the lower the revenue. From the calculation, we found that the ratio of capital employed in the year before last was 1.34 times and for the last year it was 1.44 times. It indicates that the Pace Leisurewear Ltd was generating more revenue. Current Ratio The ratio of total current assets to total liabilities is current ratio. It measures the short term solvency, that is, its ability to meet short term obligations. The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. A ratio under 1 suggests that the company would be unable to pay off its obligations if they come due at that point. From the calculation, we found that the current ratio for Pace Leisurewear Ltd in the year before last was 1.76:1 and for the last year it was 1.44:1. This ratio indicates that the short-term solvency of the company was getting poorer. Quick Assets ( liquid or acid test) Ratio It is the ratio between quick current assets and current liabilities. It shows a firms ability to meet current liabilities with its most liquid assets. Companies with the ratio less than 1, are supposed to be in vulnerable condition. Such companies are unable to pay their current liabilities, which show the dependency of current assets on inventory. In case of this company, it was found that quick assets ratio was getting weaker. It was 0.78:1 in the year before last and 0.47:1 in the last year. It indicates that the company was in difficulty of paying current liabilities. It was even weaker in the last year than the year before last. Gearing Ratio The higher the gearing, the higher the dependence on borrowing and long term finance. The lower the gearing ratio, the higher the dependence on equity financing. Here, in case of this company, the gearing ratio for the last year was 42.3% and 34.4% for the year before last. It shows that the company had a reliance on sources of long term loan. Conclusion and Recommendation From the above calculation and interpretation of the ratio and its analysis based on the two years financial statement of the Pace Leisurewear Ltd, we came to know that the company was facing mainly a liquidity problem. In order to get rid of such financial problem, assuming myself as a member of Drake Management Consultants, would like to recommend that the company should issue the shares, increase the cash sales rather than credit sales, collect the trade receivables promptly, decrease the long term liabilities and not exceed the limit of overdraft. Beside this, it needs to employ a financial expert and develop an environment of mutual understanding and trust among the shareholders and board of directors.

Importance of Human Interaction in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily

Importance of Human Interaction in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily Are human beings responsible for the well being of others that they come into contact with? William Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily" considers the significance that human interaction has or does not have on people's lives. Faulkner creatively uses a shocking ending to cause readers to reevaluate their own interactions with others in their lives. Throughout the story, Faulkner uses characters that may relate to the readers more than they want to admit. Homer Barron, the construction worker from the North, and the residents of Jefferson are used to expose the opportunities, although different, they are afforded to affect the life of Emily Grierson, who is the town's recluse. Faulkner offers Homer and the townspeople opportunities to affect Emily's life, and the story tells how these humans react to Emily and her situation. Ultimately, Homer and the townspeople choose not to intervene, and thus the devastation of Emily's life is inevitable. First, before human interaction can occur, an emotional response has to be provoked. Faulkner uses human curiosity to provide the opportunities that Homer and the residents of Jefferson will have to affect Emily's life. At one time, all people would have wanted to be included in the same social class to which Emily and her father belonged. Just as in Faulkner's own life, the Civil War changed life in the South forever. Emily is now a misplaced icon as industry has taken over her street, and the once-beautiful house is decaying and oddly out of place among the garages and the machines. Faulkner refers to Emily's house as "an eyesore among eyesores." Like her house, Emily has fallen out of grace, and the townspeople ... ...d leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair." So desperate for human contact, Emily has been sleeping next to a dead man's body. No one in the whole town had the slightest human insight to see this lady's predicament of needing human contact. Faulkner could be drawing attention to the proximity of a desperate person in the reader's life and could be questioning whether or not the reader will react once he acknowledges the need. The world needs more human interactions that overcome fear, hatred, and death. If curiosity evokes action and if this action produces guidance, not necessarily conformity, then human beings truly can have a significant effect on others' lives. Works Cited: Faulkner, William. "A Rose for Emily." Collected Stories of William Faulkner. New York: Random House, 1950.

Importance of Humor and Laughter in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest

Importance of Humor and Laughter in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest "There are three things which are real: God, human folly, and laughter. Since the first two pass our comprehension, we must do what we can with the third." In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as we "normal" people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the authoritative rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients have no real existence of their own, and they are essentially lifeless. As the Lord works in mysterious ways, Randall MacMurphy is "sent" to heal the patients of the asylum. He shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. MacMurphy seems to have an affinity for laughter. In essence, it is an escape for him- it makes him feel good, and most importantly, it radiates to his friends, an d helps heal them. This book is about so many things, it is hard to stay on one topic for any length of time. In order to focus on the laugh and laughing as a healing agent, I would like to look towards other influential writers and thinkers to tie together laughing and healing. First, let’s see what laughter is according to Meriam Webster: laughter- n. a cause of merriment. Using this simple definition, we can assume that laughter can come from any form of merriment or emotion like triumph, contempt, relief, and almost any other emotion there is. It is easy to picture in your head different underlying emotions in laughter; the sinister laughs of witches and ghosts, the insincere, fake laughs you hear after pointless, humorless attempts at jokes on the six o’clock news, to the silent laughs of mimes and clowns that fill the people around them with a happy feeling. These are all examples of what laughter is and how it is used. But why do we do it? What in nature created the laugh and mad e it so successful?

Hypnotism Research Paper

When most hear the word hypnotism, they think of a mysterious, suited figure waving a pocket watch back and forth in front of someone’s eyes. Most picture this ominous man guiding his subject into a semi-sleep, zombie-like state with absolute ease. Once hypnotized, the subject effortlessly moves and speaks and acts as if they are on an invisible leash guided by the hypnotist. We believe the subject is compelled to obey any command, no matter how strange or unreasonable, muttering, â€Å"Yes, master. † This popular representation is what is shown of hypnotism in movies and television, but in fact, it is so much different.People have been pondering and arguing over hypnosis for more than 200 years, but science has yet to fully explain how it actually happens. Hypnosis involves the subconscious mind taking over and can be used for shows and entertainment or psychiatric hypnotherapy. Present day hypnotist, Cody Horton has been referred to as â€Å"The World’s Most S pell-Binding Stage Hypnotist. † She is the author of several motivating, self-help books, and self-hypnotism audio books that can help you solve just about any problem you may have. On Hypnotism,† a book written by the famous hypnotist, James Braid in 1860, helps to explain the origin of hypnotherapy and correct many of the historical misconceptions that have developed regarding the actual meaning of hypnotism. Our understanding of hypnosis has enormously advanced in the past century, but the phenomenon is still considered a mystery. Figuring out how hypnotism works is just a small piece of a much larger puzzle, how the human mind works. Scientists are unlikely to arrive at a definitive explanation of the mind in the foreseeable future, so it is a good bet that hypnosis will remain very close to a mystery.Psychiatrists do understand the general characteristics of hypnosis, and they even have a model as to how to works. We can easily see what a person does when they are u nder hypnosis, but it is not clear as to why they do it or what makes them do it. Hypnotism is considered a trance state where the subject is easily suggested into doing things, relaxed, and has an extremely heightened imagination. It is often compared to daydreaming or â€Å"the feeling of losing yourself in a book or a movie. † (Harris, 2010) As you watch a movie you become engrossed in the plot, and most worries about your job, family, etc. ade away, until all you're thinking about is what's up on the screen.Though it is sometimes compared to sleeping, that is not valid because the subject is alert the entire time and fully conscious. You become focused intently on one object, thought, or action and nearly exclude every other thought or stimuli around you. Milton Erickson, the premier hypnotism expert of the 20th century, contended that people hypnotize themselves on a daily basis. He believed that in our everyday trance of a daydream or movie, an imaginary world becomes i ncredibly real to us, and can even create real fear or happiness. Hypnotherapy: an Exploratory Casebook, 8-11) Being in this sort of self-trance fully engages our emotions and can cause us to react to things differently then we normally would. In conventional hypnosis, the hypnotist causes their thoughts and suggestions to become the subject’s own ideas and emotions. In this â€Å"reality,† if the hypnotist suggests that your tongue has swollen up to twice its size, you'll feel a sensation in your mouth and you may have trouble talking. If the hypnotist suggests that you are afraid, you may feel nervous and even begin to sweat.When the hypnotist tells you do something, you'll probably embrace the idea completely because in this state the subject is highly suggestible. But the entire time, you are aware that it's all imaginary and that is why hypnotists cannot get their subjects to do anything they don’t want to do. In this mental state, people feel uninhibited a nd extremely relaxed, which causes them to tune out all worries and doubts that normally keep people in check. (Harris, 2010) Hypnosis directly involves a person’s subconscious mind.When you're awake, your conscious mind works to evaluate a lot of your thoughts, make decisions and put certain ideas into action. It also processes new information and relays it to the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind takes care of all the things you do automatically, like breathing. The subconscious mind processes the physical information your body receives and actually lets you solve problems, create conversation and put together plans and ideas. But when you're asleep, the conscious mind gets out of the way, and your subconscious has free reign.Psychiatrists theorize that the deep relaxation and focusing exercises of hypnotism work to calm and subdue the conscious mind so that it takes a less active role in your thinking process. In this state, you're still aware of what's going on, bu t your conscious mind takes a backseat to your subconscious mind. Effectively, this allows you and the hypnotist to work directly with the subconscious. It provides an especially convincing explanation for the playfulness and uninhibitedness of hypnotic subjects.The conscious mind is the main inhibitive component in your makeup — it's in charge of putting on the brakes — while the subconscious mind is the seat of imagination and impulse. When your subconscious mind is in control, you feel much freer and may be more creative. Your conscious mind doesn't have to filter through everything. (Harris, 2010) Hypnotized people do such bizarre things so willingly, this theory holds, because the conscious mind is not filtering and relaying the information they take in.Of course, your subconscious mind does have a conscience, a survival instinct and its own ideas, so there are a lot of things it won't agree to. The subconscious regulates your bodily sensations, such as taste, tou ch and sight, as well as your emotional feelings. When the access door is open, and the hypnotist can speak to your subconscious directly, he or she can trigger all these feelings, so you experience the taste of a chocolate milkshake, the satisfaction of contentment and any number of other feelings. Additionally, the subconscious is the storehouse for all your memories.While under hypnosis, subjects may be able to access past events that they have completely forgotten. Psychiatrists may use hypnotism to bring up these memories so that a related personal problem can finally be resolved. Since the subject's mind is in such a suggestible state, it is also possible to create false memories. For this reason, psychiatrists must be extremely careful when exploring a hypnotic subject's past. In numerous studies, researchers have compared the physical â€Å"body signs† of hypnotic subjects with those of unhypnotized people.In most of these studies, the researchers found no significant physical change associated with the trance state of hypnosis. The subject's heart rate and respiration may slow down, but this is due to the relaxation involved in the hypnotism process, not the hypnotic state itself. There does seem to be changed activity in the brain, however. The most notable data comes from electroencephalographs (EEGs), measurements of the electrical activity of the brain. Extensive EEG research has demonstrated that brains produce different brain waves, rhythms of electrical voltage, depending on their mental state.Deep sleep has a different rhythm than dreaming, for example, and full alertness has a different rhythm than relaxation. In some studies, EEGs from subjects under hypnosis showed a boost in the lower frequency waves associated with dreaming and sleep, and a drop in the higher frequency waves associated with full wakefulness. Brain-wave information is not a definitive indicator of how the mind is operating, but this pattern does fit the hypothesis t hat the conscious mind backs off during hypnosis and the subconscious mind takes a more active role. Researchers have also studied patterns in the brain's cerebral cortex that occur during hypnosis.In these studies, hypnotic subjects showed reduced activity in the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex, while activity in the right hemisphere often increased. Neurologists believe that the left hemisphere of the cortex is the logical control center of the brain; it operates on deduction, reasoning and convention. The right hemisphere, in contrast, controls imagination and creativity. A decrease in left-hemisphere activity fits with the hypothesis that hypnosis subdues the conscious mind's inhibitory influence. Conversely, an increase in right-brain activity supports the idea that the creative, impulsive subconscious mind takes the reigns.This is by no means conclusive evidence, but it does lend credence to the idea that hypnotism opens up the subconscious mind. Whether or not hypnosis is actually a physiological phenomenon, millions of people do practice hypnotism regularly, and millions of subjects report that it has worked on them. Hypnotists' methods vary, but they all depend on a few basic prerequisites. The subject must want to be hypnotized, they must believe he or she can be hypnotized, and the subject must eventually feel comfortable and relaxed.Depending on the person's mental state and personality, the entire hypnotism process can take anywhere from a few minutes to more than a half hour. Hypnotists and hypnotism proponents see the peculiar mental state as a powerful tool with a wide range of applications. In the hypnotism shows of Las Vegas, as well as the traveling hypnotism demonstrations on the college circuit, hypnotism is used primarily for entertainment purposes. It's an amazing experience watching somebody turn ordinary people, perhaps your friends or family, into outrageous performers.The power of suggestion and imagination, and the lowering o f inhibition, does make for a fantastic show. But these demonstrations only scratch the surface of what hypnotism can do — all the suggestions are intentionally frivolous, to ensure that nobody gets hurt. The hypnotist uses his or her access to the unconscious mind only to play with the subject. More involved hypnotism uses this access to affect long-term changes in the subject. The most widespread example of this hypnotic behavioral modification is habit-control hypnotic treatment.In this application, a hypnotist focuses on one particular habit that is embedded in your unconscious (smoking or overeating, for example). With the â€Å"control panel† to your mind open, the hypnotist may be able to reprogram your subconscious to reverse the behavior. Some hypnotists do this by connecting a negative response with the bad habit. For example, the hypnotist might suggest to your subconscious that smoking will cause nausea. If this association is programmed effectively, you wi ll feel sick every time you think about smoking a cigarette.Alternatively, the hypnotist may build up your willpower, suggesting to your subconscious that you don't need cigarettes, and you don't want them. Habit-control hypnotism is commonly practiced on a mass scale, in day-long seminars held in hotel suites, or through audio tapes or CDs. Since the treatment is not specifically tailored to each subject, and the treatment is rapid, these programs are often ineffective. Even if the treatment does yield positive results in the short term, there's a good chance that the subject will relapse eventually. A related application of hypnotism is psychiatric hypnotherapy.In a therapy session, a psychiatrist may hypnotize his or her subject in order to work with deep, entrenched personal problems. The therapy may take the form of breaking negative patterns of behavior, as with mass habit-control programs. This can be particularly effective in addressing phobias, unreasonable fears of particu lar objects or situations. Another form of psychiatric hypnotherapy involves bringing underlying psychiatric problems up to the conscious level. Accessing fears, memories and repressed emotions can help to clarify difficult issues and bring resolution to persistent problems.Hypnotists may also tap dormant memories to aid in law enforcement. In this practice, called forensic hypnotism, investigators access a subject's deep, repressed memories of a past crime to help identify a suspect or fill in details of the case. Since hypnotists may lead subjects to form false memories, this technique is still very controversial in the forensics world. Another controversial form of hypnotism is medical hypnotherapy. Doctors and spiritual leaders all over the world claim that hypnotic suggestion can ease pain and even cure illness in some patients.The underlying idea behind this is that the mind and body are inextricably intertwined. When you suggest to the subconscious that the body does not feel pain, or that the body is free of disease, the subconscious may actually bring about the change. There is a great deal of anecdotal evidence to support this idea. Using only hypnotic suggestion as an anesthetic, thousands of women have made it through childbirth with minimal pain and discomfort. Countless cancer patients swear by hypnosis, claiming that it helps to manage the pain of chemotherapy, and some former patients credit their recovery to hypnotherapy.The success of hypnotherapy is undeniable, but many doctors argue that the hypnotic trance is not actually responsible for the positive results. In the general sense, this phenomenon is known as the placebo effect. In numerous studies, people who were given ordinary sugar pills behaved and felt differently only because they thought they should. It's clear that the mind can influence all aspects of the physical body, so it makes sense that a firmly held belief can reduce pain or even help treat a disease. But in the end, this e xplanation of hypnosis amounts to pretty much the same thing as the trance theory.When you absolutely convince somebody that you've brought about a change in their subconscious, they register this information as a fact. Like any fact, this information will take root in the subconscious mind. So, even if the hypnotic state is nothing more than a figment of the subject's imagination, hypnotic suggestions can still reform their deeply held beliefs. The end result is the same! Modern hypnotist and self help guru, Cody Horton, received her certification in Clinical Hypnotherapy from the National Board of Hypnotherapy and Hypnotic Anesthesiology.With special training in entrepreneurship, meditation and the mind/body connection, she has helped tens of thousands of people achieve incredible inner-transformation — making the way for wealth, wisdom and success! Cody is known worldwide as one of the most powerful and captivating hypnotists in the world. Her shows have been described as an hilariously entertaining, and intellectually stimulating presentation that starts from the minute volunteers go up on stage. Not only does she put on a humorous and spell binding show, she has written numerous books and has many audio books out.Cody aims to change the public’s views of hypnotism because she knows that mostly everyone thinks that they will not be in control while going under. Cody has said, â€Å"Allow me to dispel a myth: the belief that while in a state of hypnosis, you are under the complete control of the hypnotist. The truth of the matter is that if any one suggestion feels uncomfortable for you, it will be immediately rejected by your subconscious mind. † She wants her subjects to feel comfortable and sincerely wants to help people. Her one-on-one hypnotherapy sessions can help with weight management to self confidence to quitting a bad habit and even phobias.Hypnotists such as Cody Horton have helped people all over the world with their proble ms and have entertained countless crowds during their unbelievable performances. (Prepare Yourself to Be Mystified, 2010)Works Cited Erickson, Milton H. , and Ernest Lawrence. Rossi. Foreword. Hypnotherapy: an Exploratory Casebook. New York: Irvington, 1992. 8-11. Print. Harris, Tom. â€Å"HowStuffWorks â€Å"How Hypnosis Works†Ã¢â‚¬  Howstuffworks â€Å"Science† Web. 01 Nov. 2010. ;lt;http://science. howstuffworks. com/science-vs-myth/extrasensory-percep

Ethical theories Essay

There are five types of ethical theories: 1. Teleological theory of ethics 2. Deontological theory 3. Virtue ethics 4. Justice as fairness 5. Feminism The teleological theory examines the consequences in terms of pleasure and pain, which is termed as â€Å"Utilitarianism†. According to this theory, our obligation in any situation is to perform that action which will produce the greatest amount of good over evil. Under this theory, the ethical virtues such as being honest or not lying are not obligatory. Utilitarian morality compels you to do only those particular acts which bring out good results only. For instance, consider a situation where telling the truth can break someone’s heart or hurt his/her feelings then in the light of this theory, lying is better than honesty. One of the fundamental characteristics of utilitarianism is universalism which talks about the pleasure of everyone, rather than benefitting your own self only. The two versions of utilitarianism have evolved from these conditions, act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. The two great philosophers, Jeremy Bentham and Stuart Mill presented their views in the light of this theory. Bentham proposed the act-utilitarianism theory and said: â€Å"An action is right if it produces greatest amount of pleasure over pain for everyone† However, this statement was greatly opposed by many critics since they termed it as a â€Å"pig philosophy†. Critics complained that pleasure alone can not constitute the good for human beings because even pigs are capable of attaining pleasure from their own bodies so it would be better to live the life of a satisfied pig rather than being a dissatisfied human being such as Socrates. Seeing these objections, Stuart Mill supported the utilitarianism gave the idea of act-utilitarianism by giving his view that an action is right if it produces greatest amount of pleasure over pain by following certain moral rules. Mill said that a person should go for qualitative pleasure rather than quantitative pleasure. Mill also defended the accusation of pig philosophy on Bentham by giving his views that human beings are able to enjoy the higher levels of pleasure than swine. Human beings can pursuit pleasure in the form of intellectual arts and other such activities. Hence, Mill categorized pleasure in higher and lower forms of pleasure. Rule-utilitarianism emphasized tremendously on morality and social obligations, which in fact, are the problems of all teleological theories. Concluding the discussion now, the best theory is the rule-utilitarianism as compared to act-utilitarianism theory because one does not need to calculate the amount of pleasure and pain before performing any deed. Instead, it provides the basic grounds of morality and goodness for doing any action.

Push Pull Factors Influencing International Education Essay

The purpose of the article is to happen the influencing factors on international pupils ‘ determination in choosing establishments and host states.While related cognition are good developed, the purpose of the article mentioned above is non clearly specified. The article discusses the ground why pupils select to analyze overseas. There are two grounds: one is that, positive outlook of instruction for raising the economic and societal position, peculiarly higher instruction. The other is that less developed states do non hold adequate educational installation and pupils can non easy acquire higher instruction. Education industry started from 1960s in western advanced states. To capture the forms of international pupils flow globally, the writers endeavor to explicate it by a combination of â€Å" push and pull † factors that may promote pupils to analyze abroad. â€Å" Push † factors are those runing in the pupils ‘ place state. These will impact pupils ‘ determination to analyze abroad or non. While â€Å" pull † factors are those caused in the host state, these are seeking to pull international pupils. Though the grounds taking to analyze abroad were presented briefly in the debut subdivision, the writers fail to supply an enlightening lineation to explicate what they want to look into in this research paper.Literature Review For Past researchTo understand international instruction market, the writers review old research and place a group of seven major factors that may act upon the demand for international instruction. These factors include 1 ) deficit of higher instruction particularly in Asia and Africa 2 ) the particular relationship in history between host and place states, 3 ) the common linguistic communication between the place and host states 4 ) the advanced development in scientific discipline and engineering 5 ) the little distance from place to host states 6 ) people ‘s sentiment about the third instruction system in the beginning state and 7 ) last but non least, the writers find out that the wealth and the GNP growing rate both have some influence on the demand for international instruction by mentioning to Lee and Tan ( 1984 ) the comparative wealth of population and the GNP growing rate in the place state. By mentioning to Agarwal and Winkler ( 1985 ) , the writers farther identified four principal drivers, i.e. , the mean income per individual in the place state, the assorted sorts of analyzing cost, the handiness of educational chances in the place state, and the expected return of analyzing abroad. The writers besides refer to McMahon ‘s ( 1992 ) testing of push and pull theoretical account. In the push theoretical account, it illustrates that the degree of wealth in one economic system, the universe position of the underdeveloped state, the grade of the importance of the instruction in place state, and the instruction handiness all play of import functions on the demand for international instruction. In the pull theoretical account, the factors in the host state that could act upon international pupils are the comparative economic system size between the two states, the economic connectivity between place and host states, the political involvement of the host state to the place state, and the scholarship provided by the host state. The writers besides summarize the determination of two paper published by the first writer Mazzarol in 1997-98. When choosing a concluding survey finish, pupils by and large go through at least three distinguishable phases, i.e. , make up one's minding to analyze overseas, taking a host state, and happening a host establishment. Push factors play an of import function in doing the determination of analyzing abroad, whereas pull factors may hold impact on taking the host state and establishment. The pull factors for doing a host state attractive include 1 ) the general recognition of the host state, 2 ) recommendations obtained by the pupils, 3 ) instruction cost, 4 ) the environment of the host state, 5 ) the advantage of geographics, and 6 ) societal links. The pull factors for doing a host institute attractive include 1 ) an establishment ‘s repute for quality, 2 ) market profile, 3 ) scope of classs, 4 ) confederations or alliances, 5 ) offshore learning plans, 6 ) staff exp ertness, 7 ) grade of invention, 8 ) usage of information engineering, 9 ) resources, 10 ) size of the alumni base, and 11 ) publicity and selling attempts. The writers have presented a comprehensive literature reappraisal, covering most of the of import factors act uponing the international pupil flow. In peculiar, by mentioning to a pull-push theoretical account, the writers have identified a set of push factors promoting pupils to seek to set about survey overseas. They besides have ascertained two sets of pull factors, doing a peculiar host state and host establishment attractive.Research Results Reported Including Research Method and Data CollectionThe survey involved largely quantitative method but besides use some qualitative method. Questionnaire informations aggregation method is used in the survey. In this survey, three stairss of the informations aggregation were used. The first is appraising Indonesian and Chinese pupils. The 2nd is appraising Indian pupils. The 3rd one is appraising Chinese pupils. The writers collected informations through questionnaires. All the questionnaires were distributed to the research workers as their first linguistic communication. All the three studies used the same inquiries in order to do a comparing. Before the formal probe, focal point group treatments were carried out. In this subdivision, the writers try to determine factors act uponing international pupils to take host establishments through a discriminate analysis which was used to compare international and local pupils ‘ sentiments. At least, two concerns are identified. First, the writers mention that a seven point evaluation graduated table is a metrical graduated table, which is non right. Technically, it is an ordinal graduated table. Second, although the survey includes 17 variables which will act upon the pupils ‘ pick of establishment, a few of import factors that were of importance to international pupils have non been highlighted and discussed by the writers. These factors include â€Å" offering a wide scope of class and plans † , â€Å" doing usage of the latest Information technology † , and â€Å" a repute for being antiphonal to student demands † , â€Å" good known for invention in research and instruction † , and â€Å" a big campus and excellent installations † . The writers seem to disregard to discourse them in this subdivision, merely because these factors are every bit of import to local pupils. The research consequence was besides reported by the writer by placing the four most of import â€Å" push † factors that affect the pick of international instruction. These four factors are pupils ‘ apprehension of the abroad class, the trouble of come ining to local plans, pupils ‘ involvement of western civilization, and the motive of migration. The writers think that these factors are of import issues for educational establishments to see when developing an international selling scheme. The paper besides discussed other act uponing elements in the pupils ‘ pick of the host state, such as the recognition of one state, the recommendations, alumnas influence, the assorted sorts of analyzing cost, and the natural environment. In general, the treatment fail to give much practical deductions as what a good research paper should accomplish in the treatment portion. The writers seem to reiterate what they have presented in the old subdivision. Very seldom, the writers discussed the findings of the study and presented their deductions to the Australian international instruction market. For illustration, when societal costs and better cognition consciousness of a host state were recognized as of import factors, the writers fail to discourse how the Australian authorities should use these findings and act to pull more international pupils to analyze in Australia. Marketing schemes such as painting Australia as a safe survey finish and advertisement Australia and Australian universities in prospective abroad markets would be really helpful. The same jobs besides took topographic point in the subdivision that the writers discussed factors act uponing the attraction of a peculiar host establishment.Remark on the Au thors ‘Conclusion Drawn from the Literature Review and informations CollectedThe writer provinces in his decision that the authorities and their establishments need to pay peculiar attending to the â€Å" push-pull † factors because they play of import functions in the pupils ‘ pick of host state. This is clearly drawn from the literature reviews and informations collected. Then the writer mentioned that the supply of the international pupils is increasing in the Asiatic states. The traditional â€Å" push † factors will less of import than earlier. This is non mentioned in the literature reappraisal and non drawn from the research of informations. But the author measure frontward reasoning based on this fact stating that the host states should pay attending to the â€Å" pull † factors. Further, the writers remind that the personal recommendation and quality instruction are the cardinal factors in the pupils ‘ determination of host state and establishments. Of these, we think it is merely a sensible but non high quality decision drawn from the literature reappraisal and the information collected.

Court Case Scenario Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Court Scenario - Case Study Example Even when Walt concurs that the fault may have occurred due to improper pre-testing of the machine before being installed at the customer's work site, he (Norm) is not willing to implicate that his company is at fault, obviously to save its reputation and market standing especially, because it is now passing through a very difficult phase. Walt Winters is guilty of not having assessed the technical facts thoroughly, before advising Norm to arrange to replace the machinery. He should have conducted necessary tests and overhauled the machine before passing judgment about it. There seems to be a clear case of communication gap between the Technical Department and Customer Servicing Department, and lack of clarity about where the realm of technical responsibility ends, and decision making management begins. All along Walt Winters was under the opinion that the matter was a management decision, whereas Norm felt it was a technical one. However under NSPE Code III I A, Engineers Code is violated when: "Engineer does not admit and accept his own errors related to the action, or Engineer distorts or alters the facts in an attempt to justify his errors related to the action." (NSPE Code of ethics. 2007). So, if the mistake was on the part of R & M Machinery, the company should not have kept silent and it was obligatory on their part to inform their long-standing customer about the deficiency in their service. Their silence, on a crucial aspect of acceptance of fault for defective machinery, has implicated them in this case. Defense: The deficiency of service on the part of the seller regarding the defective machine has not been conclusively proved, but has just been inferred by the prosecution on circumstantial evidence. It is quite possible that a perfect machine delivered by R & M Machinery may have been mishandled, or wrongly used by Exes. The fault may have occurred, not due to the inherent defect in the machine, but due to wrong handling or mal-operational techniques, which could have led to the parts being damaged or rendered unsuitable, thus making the machine inoperative. However, the seller has agreed to replace the machine on good faith and it has been done to the full satisfaction of the buyer. Here the economic factor is absent, since no losses or damages have accrued to the plaintiff. Since no real losses have occurred and the matter has now been amicably settled, the question of any further queries on this issue shall not arise in future. JUDGE: There has been a breach of trust on the part of the seller in not informing the buyer, regarding the actual fault of the machine and the reason for its failure, despite the fact that, with the exercise of due reasonableness and diligence on its part, this could have been done. Prima facie, there seems to be no evidence to suggest that a deviation of Professional Code of Conduct of Engineers has not taken place in this instance. "In addition to being able to use one's mastery of a professional body of knowledge, this knowledge must be applied consistently, reliably and according to a legal and ethical framework." (Nicole Radziwill.